From blade to grid

Turbine & History

The engineering behind our wind turbine - and the story of how NC State's team came together to build it.

The machine

A complete turbine, built to compete

For the Collegiate Wind Competition, teams design a small-scale turbine that has to start up, produce power, and survive a controlled wind-tunnel test - all while meeting strict safety rules. Every subsystem below is designed, built, and tested by students.

Windpack reviewing design work at competition
How it comes together

Designed, built & tested by students

Our turbine starts as sketches and CAD, moves through prototyping and bench testing, and ends in the wind tunnel. Along the way, the Mechanical, Electrical, and Project Development teams iterate together - trading data, fixing what breaks, and tightening the design for competition.

  • Design - aerodynamics, CAD, and electrical schematics
  • Build - fabrication, 3D printing, and circuit assembly
  • Test - bench tests, tuning, and wind-tunnel validation
Year by year

Turbine development

Every competition cycle we rebuild the turbine around what the last one taught us. Pick a year to see the machine, its specifications, and how it performed.

Photo of the 2026 turbine goes here
Competed May 2026

Our first competition turbine

A 45 cm horizontal-axis turbine designed and built from a clean sheet in a single semester, around three principles: modularity, simplicity, and reusability. Three 3D-printed ABS blades on an A18 airfoil drive a direct-coupled D6374 brushless generator, with active collective pitch and a fail-safe three-phase short-circuit brake.

Competition result

6th
out of 10 teams Collegiate Wind Competition 2026, in our first year as a team.

Rotor & mechanical

Configuration45 cm HAWT
Blade count3
AirfoilA18
Blade length0.18 m
Blade material3D-printed ABS
Hub radius0.04 m
Pitch systemActive collective, bevel gear
Pitch actuatorPololu 499:1 gearmotor
DrivetrainDirect drive
Max rotor speed3,500 RPM
TowerTIG-welded carbon steel
Tower natural freq.61.2 Hz

Electrical & control

GeneratorD6374, 150 kV
Pole pairs7
Operating range5 to 11 m/s
Survival speed13 m/s
Rectification3-phase rectifier
Load optimizationMPPT controller
Load sink5 Ω, 250 W resistor
ControllerArduino Uno R3
TelemetryINA226 over I²C
Motor driverTI L293DNE
Isolation6N139/138 optocouplers
Braking3-phase short circuit

The brake is a hardware fail-safe: it needs a constant HIGH signal to stay disengaged, so losing controller power or a broken wire drops the line LOW and shorts all three generator phases automatically, with no software in the loop.

What we changed, and what we learned

  • PLA to ABS blades - the first printed blades were too brittle to survive the 13 m/s durability case, so we moved to ABS for its impact resistance and flexural strength.
  • Swashplate to bevel gears - our first pitch mechanism was a helicopter-style swashplate. It was not rigid enough and did not adapt cleanly to three blades, so we replaced it with a bevel gear set sized to fit the 0.04 m hub.
  • Single-phase to three-phase braking - shorting one phase caused asymmetric magnetic loading, producing violent torque ripple that threatened the drivetrain. Shorting all three balances the braking torque and removed the mechanical shock.
  • Aborted tunnel run - in our one wind tunnel slot the rotor vibrated badly on spin-up, so we hit the kill switch rather than risk shattering the hub. We traced it to rotor eccentricity from misaligned 3D-printed parts, which meant we did not complete the MPPT power curve or the high-speed brake test.
Renders and build photos will appear here as the design comes together
In progress

Second-generation turbine

Our 2027 machine is in design now, built directly on what the first one taught us. We are publishing the targets below as they are locked in, then the as-built numbers once it is on the test stand.

Design targets

Rotor diameterTBD
Blade countTBD
Blade airfoilTBD
Blade manufacturingTBD
Hub & pitchTBD
GeneratorTBD
DrivetrainTBD
Rated powerTBD
Cut-in wind speedTBD
Power electronicsTBD
ControllerTBD
Braking & safetyTBD

Want to help decide what goes in these boxes? The design is open and we are recruiting. Join the Pack.

Documents

The 2027 design report and technical inspection will be posted here once the season wraps up.

Our history

How Windpack got here

We're a young team with big momentum. Here's the story so far.

2025 · Founded

Windpack is born

A group of NC State students forms a team to enter the Collegiate Wind Competition, uniting engineering and project development under one mission.

Fall 2025 · Building the team

Three teams take shape

Mechanical, Electrical, and Project Development teams come together, recruiting members from across majors and starting on the first turbine designs and project plan.

Spring 2026 · Prototype

From CAD to a working turbine

The team prototypes, builds, and bench-tests the turbine while the Project Development team prepares the siting analysis and business case for the competition deliverables.

May 2026 · Nationals

Our first Collegiate Wind Competition

Windpack travels to compete on the national stage - presenting to judges, running the turbine, and representing NC State in our debut appearance.

Now · What's next

Building toward the next cycle

We're applying everything we learned, growing the team, and engineering an even stronger turbine for the next competition. Want in? Join the Pack.

Curious how it all works?

Dig into the competition we build for, or come help design the next turbine.